Insall & Scott surgery of the knee / editor-in-chief, W. Norman Scott, MD, FACS, Clinical Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University Langone Medical Center, Hospital for Joint Diseases ; Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Founding Director, Insall Scott Kelly Institute for Orthaepedic Sports Medicine, New York, New York ; associate editors, David R. Diduch, MS, MD, Alfred R. Shands Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery, Vice Chairman, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Head Orthopaedic Team Physician, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, Richard Iorio, MD, Dr. William and Susan Jaffe Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chief Division of Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, William J. Long, MD, FRCSC, Director, Attending Orthopaedic Surgeon, Insall Scott Kelly Institute, St. Francis Hospital, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, New York

Includes bibliographical references and index

1. Anatomy -- 2. Anatomic Aberrations -- 3. Clinical Examination of the Knee -- 4. Gene Therapy for the Treatment of Knee Disorders -- 5. Knee Imaging Techniques and Normal Anatomy -- 6 .Fractures -- 7. Imaging of the Meniscus -- 8. Cruciate Ligaments -- 9. Imaging of Synovium and Cartilage of the Knee -- 10. Lateral Supporting Structures: Posterolateral Corner Structures and Iliotibial Band -- 11. Medial Supporting Structures: Medial Collateral Ligament and Posteromedial Corner -- 12. Imaging of the Extensor Mechanism -- 13. Imaging of Total Knee Arthroplasty -- 14. Tumors in the Knee -- 15. Ultrasound-Guided Procedures -- 16. Three-Dimensional Morphology of the Knee -- 17. Fluoroscopic Analysis of Total Knee Replacement -- 18. In Vivo Kinematics of the Patellofemoral Joint -- 19. Forward Solution Modeling: An In Vivo Theoretical Simulator of the Knee -- 20. Contact Mechanics of the Human Knee -- 21. In Vivo Mechanics and Vibration of the Knee Joint -- 22. Does Strain in the Patella Change After Total Knee Arthroplasty? A Finite Element Investigation of Natural and Implanted Patellae -- 23. Wear Simulation of Knee Implants -- 24. Knee Wear -- 25. The Asian Knee -- 26. Mobile Fluoroscopy: Determination of Natural, Unrestricted Knee Motion -- 27. Articular Cartilage: Biology, Biomechanics, and Healing Response -- 28. Articular Cartilage Injury and Adult Osteochondritis Dissecans: Treatment Options and Decision Making -- 29. International Experience With Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation With Periosteum (Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation) Including Scaffold Guided Techniques and Tissue Engineered Matrix Support -- 30. Osteochondral Autograft Transplantation -- 31. Osteochondral Allograft Transplantation -- 32. Articular Cartilage Repair With Bioscaffolds -- 33. Management of Failed Cartilage Repair -- 34. Osteochondritis Dissecans of the Knee in the Young Patient -- 35. Secondary, Spontaneous, and Postarthroscopy Osteonecrosis of the Knee: Diagnosis and Management -- 36. Healing of Knee Ligaments and Menisci -- 37. Arthroscopic Meniscal Resection -- 38. Arthroscopy-Assisted Inside-Out and Outside-In Meniscus Repair -- 39. All-Inside Arthroscopic Meniscal Repair -- 40. Meniscal Allograft Transplantation -- 41. Synthetic Meniscal Substitutes and Collagen Scaffold for Meniscal Regeneration -- 42. Classification of Knee Ligament Injuries -- 43. Sports Knee Rating Systems and Related Statistics -- 44. Medial Ligamentous Injuries of the Knee: Acute and Chronic -- 45. Fibular Collateral Ligament and the Posterolateral Corner -- 46. Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries and Reconstruction: Indications, Principles, and Outcomes -- 47. Bone-Patellar Tendon-Bone Autograft Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction -- 48. Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction With Hamstring Tendons -- 49. Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction With Central Quadriceps Free Tendon Graft -- 50. Allograft Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction -- 51. Double-Bundle Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction -- 52. Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction via the Anteromedial Portal and Single-Tunnel, Double-Bundle Techniques -- 53. Complications of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction -- 54. Revision Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction -- 55. Revision Anterior Cruciate Ligament Surgery: One-Stage versus Two-Stage Technique -- 56. Osteotomy and the Cruciate-Deficient Knee -- 57. Rehabilitation of the Surgically Reconstructed and Nonsurgical Anterior Cruciate Ligament -- 58. Knee Bracing for Athletic Injuries -- 59. Decision Making and Surgical Treatment of Posterior Cruciate Ligament Ruptures -- 60. Posterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: Posterior Inlay Technique -- 61. Posterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: Transtibial Double-Bundle Technique -- 62. Posterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: Remnant-Preserving Technique Through the Posteromedial Portal -- 63. The Dislocated Knee -- 64. Dislocation of the Proximal Tibiofibular Joint -- 65. Disorders of the Patellofemoral Joint -- 66. Distal Realignment of the Patellofemoral Joint: Indications, Effects, Results, and Recommendations -- 67. Surgery of the Patellofemoral Joint: Proximal Realignment -- 68. Repair and Reconstruction of the Medial Patellofemoral Ligament for Treatment of Lateral Patellar Dislocations: Surgical Techniques and Clinical Results -- 69. Sulcus-Deepening Trochleoplasty -- 70. Quadriceps and Patellar Tendon Disruption -- 71. Gout and Other Crystalline Arthropathies -- 72. Knee Osteoarthritis -- 73. Overview of Psoriatic Arthritis -- 74. Systemic Allergic Dermatitis in Total Knee Arthroplasty -- 75. Rheumatoid Arthritis of the Knee: Current Medical Management -- 76. Hemophilia and Pigmented Villonodular Synovitis Hemophilia and the Knee -- 76B. Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection and Its Relationship to Knee Disorders -- 77. Basics, Preoperative Assessment, and Medical Optimization -- 78. Patients With Stents -- 79. Diabetes Mellitus and the Knee -- 80. Rheumatoid Arthritis -- 81. Bilateral Total Knee Replacement: Indications for Sequential and Simultaneous Surgery -- 82. Monitoring During Total Knee Arthroplasty -- 83. Spinal or General Anesthesia? -- 84. Revision Total Knee Arthroplasties -- 85. The Pneumatic Tourniquet -- 86. Cement Embolism -- 87. Tranexamic Acid -- 88. Blood Loss and Fluid Management -- 89. Anesthesia for Knee Surgery -- 90. Specific Considerations for Fractures and Dislocations -- 91. Femoral Nerve Block -- 92. Adductor Canal Block -- 93. Fascia Iliaca Compartment Block -- 94. Psoas Compartment Block -- 95. Sciatic Nerve Block -- 96. Obturator Nerve Block -- 97. Continuous Perineural Analgesia for Knee Surgery -- 98. Local Anesthetic Infiltration -- 99. Epidural Analgesia -- 100. Neuraxial Opioids -- 101. Systemic Opioids and Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting -- 102. Multimodal Pharmacologic Analgesia -- 103. Chronic Pain After Total Knee Arthroplasty -- 104. Knee Arthroscopy -- 105. Thromboprophylaxis and Neuraxial Anesthesia -- 106. Soft Tissue Healing -- 107. The Problem Wound: Coverage Options -- 108. Distal Femur Fractures -- 109. Tibial Plateau Fractures -- 110. Fractures of the Patella -- 111. Treatment of Periprosthetic Fractures Around a Total Knee Arthroplasty -- 112. Normal Knee Embryology and Development -- 113. Congenital Deformities of the Knee -- 114. Meniscal Disorders -- 115. Osteochondritis Dissecans -- 116. Reconstruction of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament in Pediatric Patients -- 117. Tibial Spine Fractures -- 118. Physeal Fractures About the Knee -- 119. Patellar Instability -- 120. Nonoperative Treatment of Knee Arthritis -- 121. Osteotomies About the Knee -- 122. Osteotomy for the Arthritic Knee: A European Perspective -- 123. Scoring Systems and Their Validation for the Arthritic Knee -- 124. Historic Development, Classification, and Characteristics of Knee Prostheses -- 125. Unicompartmental, Bicompartmental, or Tricompartmental Arthritis of the Knee: Algorithm for Surgical Management -- 126. Patellofemoral Arthroplasty

127. Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty: A European Perspective -- 128. Unicomparmental Knee Replacement With ACL Reconstruction -- 129. Fixed-Bearing Medial Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty -- 130. Medial Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty Mobile Bearing -- 131. Bicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty -- 132. Bicondylar Knee Replacement -- 133. Bicruciate Total Knee Arthroplasty -- 134. Bicruciate Total Knee Arthroplasty: An Alternate View -- 135. European Analysis and Results of Partial Knee Replacement -- 136. Posterior Cruciate Ligament Retention in Total Knee Arthroplasty -- 137. Preserving the Posterior Cruciate Ligament -- 138. Custom-Made Knee Replacements -- 139. Posterior Cruciate Sacrificing Total Knee Arthroplasty -- 140. Posterior Cruciate Ligament—Substituting Total Knee Arthroplasty -- 141. Posterior Cruciate Ligament Substituting Total Knee Arthroplasty: Considerations in the Middle East -- 142. Mobile-Bearing Total Knee Arthroplasty -- 143. Cemented Total Knee Arthroplasty: The Gold Standard -- 144. Cementless Total Knee Arthroplasty -- 145. Patellar Resurfacing in Total Knee Arthroplasty -- 146. Patella Resurfacing—Never -- 147. Patella Resurfacing—Always -- 148. Alignment in Total Knee Arthroplasty -- 149. Surgical Approaches in Total Knee Arthroplasty: Standard and Minimally Invasive Surgery Techniques -- 150. Surgical Techniques and Instrumentation in Total Knee Arthroplasty -- 151. Gap-Balancing Techniques in Total Knee Arthroplasty -- 152. Modern Measured Resection Technique -- 153. Is the Understanding of Gap Balancing and Measured Resection Techniques Necessary to Understand Image-Guided Surgical Techniques for Knee Arthroplasty? -- 154. Mid-Flexion Instability After Total Knee Arthroplasty -- 155. Correction of Fixed Deformities With Total Knee Arthroplasty -- 156. Correction of Deformities With Total Knee Arthroplasty: An Asian Approach -- 157. Pressure Sensors and Soft Tissue Balancing -- 158. The Clinical Effectiveness of Custom-Made Guides for Total Knee Arthroplasty -- 159. Computer Navigation in Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty -- 160. Kinematically Aligned Total Knee Arthroplasty -- 161. Computer-Assisted Navigation: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Total Knee Replacement -- 162. Robotics in Total Knee Arthroplasty: Development, Outcomes, and Current Techniques -- 163. Robotic Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty -- 164. Management of Extra-Articular Deformity in Total Knee Arthroplasty With Navigation -- 165. Computer-Assisted Total Knee Arthroplasty for Extramedullary Deformity -- 166. Impact of the Cavus Foot and Ankle on the Painful Knee -- 167. Flat Foot and Its Effect on the Knee -- 168. The Impact of the Foot and Ankle on Total Knee Replacement -- 169. Complications of Total Knee Arthroplasty -- 170. Extensile Exposures for Revision Total Knee Replacement -- 171. Revision of Aseptic Failed Total Knee Arthroplasty -- 172. The Infected Total Knee Replacement -- 173. Instability in Total Knee Arthroplasty -- 174. Management of Bone Defects in Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty: Augments, Structural and Impaction Graft, and Cones -- 175. Patellar Revision -- 176. Patellar Fractures in Total Knee Arthroplasty -- 177. Extensor Mechanism Disruption After Total Knee Arthroplasty -- 178. Obesity: Risks of Intervention, Benefits of Optimization -- 179. Pain Catastrophizers : A Subgroup at Risk for Poor Outcome After Total Knee Arthroplasty -- 180. Medical Optimization of Patients With Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease and Cardiovascular Risk Factors -- 181. Decreasing the Risk of Surgical Site Infections Following Total Knee Arthroplasty -- 182. Effects of Prehabilitation, Falls, and Musculoskeletal Comorbidity on Total Knee Arthroplasty Outcomes -- 183. Intra-articular and Periarticular Injections -- 184. Techniques and Eligibility for Same Day/Next Day Discharge of Total Knee Arthroplasty -- 185. Pain Management After Total Knee Arthroplasty Patients Leave the Hospital -- 186. Continuous Passive Motion: Pros and Cons -- 187. Cryotherapy After Total Knee Arthroplasty -- 188. Immediate Motion versus Splinting After Total Knee Arthroplasty -- 189. Internet-Based versus In-Person Physical Therapy After Total Knee Arthroplasty -- 190. Venous Thromboembolic Disease: Etiology and Risk Factors After Total Knee Arthroplasty -- 191. ACCP, SCIP, and AAOS Guidelines for Venous Thromboembolism Prophylaxis After Total Knee Arthroplasty -- 192. Aspirin and Sequential Pneumatic Compression Devices: Strengths and Limitations -- 193. Venous Thromboembolic Disease Stratification of Risk: Who Needs Aggressive Anticoagulation -- 194. Bleeding and Infection Risk With Aggressive Anticoagulation: How to Minimize Suboptimal Outcomes -- 195. Total Joint Arthroplasty—Historical Perspective: Declining Reimbursement, Rising Costs -- 196. Payment Paradigms -- 197. Physician-Hospital Partnerships -- 198. Value-Based Purchasing -- 199. Quality Measures and Payment for Total Knee Replacement -- 200. Evaluation of the Patient With a Bone Lesion About the Knee -- 201. Surgical Treatment of Benign Bone Lesions -- 202. Surgical Management of Malignant Bone Tumors Around the Knee -- 203. Allograft Prosthetic Composite Reconstruction of the Knee -- 204. Megaprostheses for Reconstruction Following Tumor Resection About the Knee -- 205. Metastatic Disease About the Knee: Evaluation and Surgical Treatment -- 206. Soft Tissue Tumors of the Knee -- 207. Common Pitfalls in Tumors About the Knee: How to Recognize and Avoid